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Oral Hygiene Status and Caries Experiences Among Smoker Male in Associated with Their Knowledge in Benghazi City, Libya.

Ayyad, Halima, Hawwa Beaayou, Hanan Ghaith · AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences;

Smoking has negative effects on health in general, and it is considered a risk factor for death. Much of the research evidence that smoking has a bad effect on oral health ranges from mild conditions to severe forms suc…

Enamel Hypoplasia and Dental Caries in Children: A Review Study

Amina Almahrog, Yousra Graf, Jbireal, J. M. · AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences;

AbstractEnamel hypoplasia and dental caries significantly impact children's oral health, with enamel defects increasing susceptibility to bacterial colonization and decay. This review explores the prevalence, causes, an…

The sustainable value of remote consultations following primary lower limb arthroplasty.

Hilley, Alan, Petheram, Timothy · Impact Surgery;

Background: Transport accounts for 24% of all UK emissions, with NHS-related travel contributing approximately 3.5%. The climate crisis and COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for more sustainable healthcare pathways…

Optimising NHS Teledermatology: A Quality Improvement Study on Enhancing Imaging Standards for Two-Week Wait Skin Cancer Referrals

Fulford, Maja, Maamoun, Wareth · Impact Surgery;

Background: A National Health Service teledermatology service was developed to provide rapid assessment for the two-week wait (urgent referral) pathway for suspected cancer referrals from general practitioners. This ser…

Reducing Environmental Impact in ENT Clinics: Insights from a Literature Review and National Survey on Instrument and Glove Use

Wong, Phui Yee, Williams, Mark, Bhutta, Mahmood · Impact Surgery;

Background: ENT clinics generate significant waste from single-use instruments and packaging materials. A recent ENTUK survey revealed that 46% of clinics rely solely on single-use instruments, 43% use a combination of…

Reducing Carbon Footprint and Costs in Microsuction: Literature Review and National Survey of ENT Practices

Wong, Phui Yee, Williams , Mark, Bhutta, Mahmood · Impact Surgery;

Background: In the UK, approximately 2.3 million people require intervention for earwax-related problems annually, with around 330,000 microsuction procedures performed within the NHS each year. In 2019, ENTUK published…

Group & Save Samples for Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy Surgeries

Tan, Kean Hoong, Paranama, Supathum, Netke, Bhagyashree, Mak, David · Impact Surgery;

Background: Recent literature suggests that total intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements for Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy (RALP) surgeries are low. At Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, findin…

Reducing Carbon Footprint and Costs in Healthcare: The Impact of Reverting to Pre-COVID Waste Management Practices

Hendry, Anna, Liang, Emily, Barthelmes, Ludger, Haughan, Michelle · Impact Surgery;

Background: Approximately 5% of NHS emissions are caused by waste and water use. During the COVID-19 pandemic, low-cost, energy-efficient waste streams were replaced with more energy- and carbon-intensive alternatives.…

N2Ovember, Entonox waste reduction project

Manning, Amy · Impact Surgery;

Abstract: Entonox (N₂O) is a widely used and effective analgesic, particularly valued for its role in supporting women during labour. However, its use has significant environmental and occupational health implications.…

Reducing the number of unnecessary post-op bloods in colorectal surgery inpatients

Ashford, Sarah, Chaudhury, Madhu, Kearsey, Christopher · Impact Surgery;

Background: Routine daily blood tests are frequently performed postoperatively, often without clear clinical indication, serving more as a surveillance tool than a necessity. Reducing unnecessary blood tests can improve…

A Literature Review of UV-C Light Decontamination as an Alternative to Endoscope Washer Disinfectors in Flexible Nasoendoscopy

Williams, Mark, Wong, Phui Yee, Bhutta, Mahmood · Impact Surgery;

Introduction: Flexible nasoendoscopy is a critical diagnostic tool in ENT practice, with consultants performing up to 1,000 procedures annually. Endoscope Washer Disinfectors (EWDs) are the gold standard for decontamina…

A Literature Review on Sustainable Practices in Nasoendoscopy: Evaluating Equipment, Supplementary Items, and Decontamination Methods

Williams, Mark, Wong, Phui Yee, Bhutta, Mahmood · Impact Surgery;

Background: Flexible nasoendoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in ENT practice, with each consultant performing up to 1000 procedures annually. This generates significant clinical waste, contributing to environmenta…

A Greener Future for Surgery: 2024 Research Conference Abstracts

Ledda, Virginia, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Bhangu, Aneel · Impact Surgery;

The Research for Greener Surgery Conference took place on 17 December 2024 at the University of Birmingham, attracting 382 in-person attendees and over 350 virtual participants. The event highlighted the urgent need to…

Comparing the Carbon Footprint of Energy Consumption in Emergency and Elective Operating Theatres: A Prospective Study

Richardson, Philippa Sophie, Bashaireh, Leila, Spence, Cathy, Chan, Anthony · Impact Surgery;

Introduction: Surgical operating theatres are typically 3-6 times more energy intensive than a hospital ward. This study compares the differences in electrical energy consumption and subsequent carbon footprint between…

Evaluating the Financial, Environmental, and Clinical Impacts of Non-Sterile Perianal Procedures: A Local Audit

Ball, Matthew, Ng, Cho Ee, Mattison, Daniel · Impact Surgery;

Background: Perianal procedures are typically performed in a sterile setting to reduce postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs). However, a recent study has demonstrated no significant increase in postoperative SSI…

A really Cool Stick: The new financially viable and environmentally- friendly alternative in modern obstetric anaesthesia

Jackson, Nyree, Millington, Victoria, Vaz, Tina, Ito, Yoshimi · Impact Surgery;

Background: Ethyl chloride spray is the mainstay of assessment of neuraxial blockade in obstetric anaesthesia, but its use is controversial when more sustainable, greener and potentially cheaper alternatives are availab…

Improving sustainability and reducing waste in operating theatres: A snapshot quality improvement project on waste disposal adherence in operating theatres.

Nickson, Michael, Joseph, Tanya, Gayle, Kimberly, Lewis, Charlotte, Magill, Enya, Lie, Jason · Impact Surgery;

Background: Appropriate disposal of clinical waste is critical for ensuring safety, reducing environmental impact and lowering incineration costs. From 2018-2021 it is estimated that East Lancashire Hospital NHS Trust (…

Gloves Off Campaign

Stainer, Benjamin, Wilson, Emily · Impact Surgery;

Background: Healthcare contributes 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Excessive gloves use not only generates environmental waste and carbon emissions but also increases financial costs and the risk of cross-contami…

Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction as Warning Signs for Maternal Cardiovascular Disease in Later Life

Md Sayed Sheikh, Ahmed Alshaik, Maged Elshamy, Umme Salma · Attahadi Medical Journal;

Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the primary cause of mortality for women. Even though conventional risk factors raise the risk of CVD in later life, pregnancy-related problems also affect a woman…

Histopathological and Microbiological Changes in Chronic tonsillitis: Tissue Response to Infection Despite Effective Management-A Case Series

Abeer Elsherif, Yousef Hasen · Attahadi Medical Journal;

Palatine tonsils play a crucial role in the immune response to inhaled and ingested pathogens as part of Waldeyer's ring, which includes the nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils, and pharyng…

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy Among Patients in West of Libya

Somaia Elsaedi, Amnnah Ahmed, Ahlam Mohamed, Ayat Omar, Shaima Aburas, Hajer Ali, Abdulrhman Akasha · AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences;

Apitherapy is an alternate therapy that relies on the usage of honeybee products, most importantly bee venom for the treatment of many human diseases. Bee venom contains several active molecules such as peptides and enz…

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and HIV among Libyans and Expatriates (Foreigners) in the City of Zawia, Libya

Asmahan Alfard, Fawzia Kahbar, Himedah Fheel Alboom, Najat Mansour, Mabroukah Khalleefah · AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences;

Libya has the longest coastline in the Mediterranean basin, which increases the risk of the spread of hepatitis C virus and AIDS. This is a public health problem that affects most of the world's population, including Li…

Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Uropathogens Isolates from Suspected UTI Patients Attending Zawia Medical Center, Libya

Nadya Elarusy, Nasreen Alarosi, Amnah Mohammed, Ibtisam Khapoli · AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences;

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the common reasons for seeking medical attention in the community. Understanding the characteristics of uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a particul…

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Among Visitors of Pathology Centers in Gharyan

Almshawit, Hala, Shagshog, Retaj, Aldib, Hana, Areebi, Sarah, Tahar, Weam · AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences;

The collection of comprehensive data is crucial for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and implementing targeted interventions. However, there is a lack of data regarding the AMR status of pathogens in L…

Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Prevalence, Diagnosis Methods, Symptoms and Management Options in Tripoli, Libya

Alshintari, Mohamed, Esraa Dhaw, Mayar Alagnaf · AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences;

Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer, affecting the thyroid gland in the neck. It can cause the thyroid gland to swell and lead to symptoms such as difficulty swallowing and shortness of br…